DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the leaf (as well as the loss of water vapor in transpiration) occurs through pores called stomata (singular = stoma).

Detailed explanation-2: -Through photosynthesis, they use sunlight and carbon dioxide to make food, belching out the oxygen that we breathe as a byproduct. This evolutionary innovation is so central to plant identity that nearly all land plants use the same pores-called stomata-to take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

Detailed explanation-3: -When the stomata are open, the plant can take in carbon dioxide from the air for photosynthesis and release oxygen (a byproduct of photosynthesis) back into the environment.

Detailed explanation-4: -Carbon dioxide (CO₂), oxygen (O₂) and water (H₂0) commonly move in or out via the stomata. While gas exchange occurs, carbon (C) stays inside the leaf as a building block for the plant. Often, stomata are open during the day when photosynthesis is taking place and closed at night when it stops.

Detailed explanation-5: -Its prime function is to exchange the gases by closing and opening the pores in the leaves. It assists in eradicating excess water from the leaves. It removes oxygen and takes in carbon dioxide at the time of photosynthesis. It assists in monitoring the movement of water via transpiration.