DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Calvin cycle is organized into three basic stages: fixation, reduction, and regeneration.

Detailed explanation-2: -Despite the name dark reactions, the Calvin cycle does not necessarily occur in the dark. In fact, the Calvin cycle is coupled with water oxidation, the last electron transfer reaction in PSII that occurs after the capture of sunlight energy.

Detailed explanation-3: -Oxygen acts as a byproduct of the light reaction of photosynthesis. Thus, oxygen is released in a light reaction, not in the Calvin cycle.