DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -C4 plants-including maize, sugarcane, and sorghum-avoid photorespiration by using another enzyme called PEP during the first step of carbon fixation. This step takes place in the mesophyll cells that are located close to the stomata where carbon dioxide and oxygen enter the plant.

Detailed explanation-2: -Corn, sugarcane and some shrubs are examples of plants that follow the C4 pathway.

Detailed explanation-3: -Plants that are adapted to dry tropical region have C4 pathway and called as C4 plants e.g., grass, maize, sorghum sugarcane etc. In this pathway, first product is 4 carbon compoud hence called as C4. It was given by M.D. Hatch and Roger Slack and thus named as Hatch and Slack pathway.

Detailed explanation-4: -The correct answer is Sugarcane and Sugarbeet. C3 plants are those where the initial product is 3-phosphoglycerate with 3 carbon atoms. These plants also known as temperate plants. These plants carry out the C3 cycle to fix carbon from carbon dioxide into 3 carbon sugars.