DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Lactic acid fermentation converts the 3-carbon pyruvate to the 3-carbon lactic acid (C3H6O3) (see figure below) and regenerates NAD+ in the process, allowing glycolysis to continue to make ATP in low-oxygen conditions.

Detailed explanation-2: -Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen. An important way of making ATP without oxygen is called fermentation. It involves glycolysis but not the other two stages of aerobic respiration. Many bacteria and yeasts carry out fermentation.

Detailed explanation-3: -Fermentation follows glycolysis in the absence of oxygen. Alcoholic fermentation produces ethanol, carbon dioxide, and NAD+. Lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid (lactate) and NAD+. The NAD+ cycles back to allow glycolysis to continue so more ATP is made.

Detailed explanation-4: -Lactic acid fermentation uses the electrons in NADH to generate lactic acid from pyruvate, which allows glycolysis to continue and thus a smaller amount of ATP can be generated by the cell.

Detailed explanation-5: -However, in cells lacking mitochondria and/or adequate oxygen supply, glycolysis is the sole process by which such cells can produce ATP from glucose.