DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Since the oxidation of one molecule of NADH by electron transport chain during the aerobic respiration produces around 3 ATP molecules, the formation of lactic acid from pyruvic acid results in the loss of 3 ATP molecules. So, the correct answer is option A. Loss of 3 ATP molecules.

Detailed explanation-2: -In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvic acid from glycolysis changes to lactic acid. This type of fermentation is carried out by the bacteria in yogurt, and by your own muscle cells. In alcoholic fermentation, pyruvic acid changes to alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Detailed explanation-3: -Anaerobic respiration results in the production of 2 ATP molecules.

Detailed explanation-4: -In anaerobic respiration (without the use of oxygen), pyruvate is converted into lactic acid by NADH, which donates H+ to pyruvate to produce lactic acid and NAD. This is then reused in glycolysis to keep the cycle going.