DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Carbon dioxide and oxygen cannot pass through the cuticle, but move in and out of leaves through openings called stomata (stoma = “hole"). Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata. When stomata are open to allow gases to cross the leaf surface, the plant loses water vapor to the atmosphere.

Detailed explanation-2: -Carbon dioxide (CO₂), oxygen (O₂) and water (H₂0) commonly move in or out via the stomata. While gas exchange occurs, carbon (C) stays inside the leaf as a building block for the plant. Often, stomata are open during the day when photosynthesis is taking place and closed at night when it stops.

Detailed explanation-3: -Leaves of plants have tiny pores called stomata, which is used for the exchange of gases. The oxygen, taken in through stomata is used by the cells in the leaves to break down glucose into carbon dioxide and water. Similarly, roots of plants take in air from the air spaces present between the soil particles.