DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -When the plant opens its stomata to let in carbon dioxide, water on the surface of the cells of the spongy mesophyll and palisade mesophyll evaporates and diffuses out of the leaf. This process is called transpiration .

Detailed explanation-2: -Transpiration occurs as water diffuses through the plant from the roots and evaporates from the leaves through the stomata openings (more on this later). The evaporation of water from the leaves causes a shortage of water in the plant, allowing more water to be taken up from the roots.

Detailed explanation-3: -First, the water moves into the mesophyll cells from the top of the xylem vessels. Then the water evaporates out of the cells into the spaces between the cells in the leaf. After this, the water leaves the leaf (and the whole plant) by diffusion through stomata.

Detailed explanation-4: -Evaporation from mesophyll cells in the leaves produces a negative water potential gradient that causes water and minerals to move upwards from the roots through the xylem. Gas bubbles in the xylem can interrupt the flow of water in the plant, so they must be reduced through small perforations between vessel elements.