DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A plant laid on its side in the dark will send shoots upward when given enough time. Gravitropism ensures that roots grow into the soil and that shoots grow toward sunlight. Growth of the shoot apical tip upward is called negative gravitropism, whereas growth of the roots downward is called positive gravitropism.

Detailed explanation-2: -Shoot growth is mostly negatively geotropic since shoots grow upwards even in complete darkness. Phototropism can therefore be understood as a secondary process, usually of the same direction as the negative geotropism. Transversal geotropism is a direction of growth that is vertical to the shoot axis.