DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Leaf stomata are the primary sites of transpiration and consist of two guard cells that form a small pore on the surfaces of leaves. The guard cells control the opening and closing of the stomata in response to various environmental stimuli and can regulate the rate of transpiration to reduce water loss.

Detailed explanation-2: -Two guard cells surround each stomatal pore, and changes in turgor pressure of the guard cells regulate the size of the pore aperture. An increase in guard cell turgor results in stomatal opening, whereas a reduction in turgor leads to stomatal closure (Willmer and Fricker 1996).

Detailed explanation-3: -A stoma is a pore, found in the leaf and stem epidermis that is used for gas exchange. The pore is bordered by a pair of specialised parenchyma cells known as guard cells which are responsible for regulating the size of the opening. The inner wall of the guard cells is thicker than the outer wall.

Detailed explanation-4: -Stomata consist of microscopic pores, each flanked by a pair of guard cells. Guard cells can increase or decrease the size of the pore via changes in their turgor status, hence regulating both CO2 entry into the leaf and transpiration, or the loss of water from the leaf.