DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -There are not as many chloroplasts in the spongy mesophyll cells as there are in the palisade mesophyll cells . There is a thin layer of water on the the surface of the mesophyll cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cells of the palisade parenchyma contain three to five times as many chloroplasts as those of the spongy parenchyma.

Detailed explanation-3: -The function of the palisade layer, which is also called the palisade mesophyll, is photosynthesis because it contains most of the chloroplasts in the leaf which maximize energy production during photosynthesis.

Detailed explanation-4: -Palisade cells contain the largest number of chloroplasts per cell, which makes them the primary site of photosynthesis in the leaves of those plants that contain them, converting the energy in light to the chemical energy of carbohydrates.

Detailed explanation-5: -Below the palisade mesophyll layer is the spongy mesophyll layer which is made up of irregularly shaped cells, which also have chloroplasts, just not as many. This is because their main role is not photosynthesis, but gaseous exchange.