DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Seeds are the product of the ripened ovule, after the embryo sac is fertilized by sperm from pollen, forming a zygote. The embryo within a seed develops from the zygote, forming a seed coat around the ovule, and grows within the mother plant to a certain size before growth is halted.

Detailed explanation-2: -Introduction. The plant embryo, also known as the seed embryo, is the component of a seed or bud that contains the plant’s roots, stem, and leaves in their earliest forms. After a fertilised adult plant flowers, the embryo develops and is usually encapsulated within a seed or bud.

Detailed explanation-3: -The embryo itself is a miniature version of the plant, with one (monocots) or two (dicots) cotyledons (or scutellum in monocots), an embryonic stem and root, and meristems for shoot and root systems (reviewed in Dresselhaus and Jürgens 2021).