DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Spore formation is an asexual mode of reproduction in which spores are stored in the sacs called sporangia and it bursts after the individual matures resulting in the dispersal of spores in the atmosphere, Mosses are bryophytes and ferns are pteridophytes and they both reproduce through spore formation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cryptogams refer to the plants and fungi that do not reproduce by seeds. Besides these, the cryptogams are also known to reproduce by means of spores. All spore producing plants including mosses and ferns do not reproduce by seeds are hence, known as cryptogams.

Detailed explanation-3: -Plants such as ferns and mosses are called nonflowering plants and produce spores instead of seeds. There is also another group called the Fungi, that include mushrooms, and these also reproduce by spores.

Detailed explanation-4: -Ferns do not flower but reproduce sexually from spores. There are two distinct stages of the fern life cycle. Mature plants produce spores on the underside of the leaves.