DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The pericarp (fruit coat) surrounds the entire seed and consists of two portions, the outer pericarp and inner pericarp.

Detailed explanation-2: -A seed coat protects the internal parts of a seed. The seed coat has two layers. The outer layer is thick and known as the testa. The inner layer is thin and known as tegmen. A thick seed coat protects the seed from sunlight and water.

Detailed explanation-3: -The outer covering of the seed is known as the seed coat. It develops from the integument of the ovule. The outer layer is called testa and the inner layer is called tegmen. The seed coat protects the seed and its other parts.

Detailed explanation-4: -A hard seed coat protects the seed not only from mechanical stress but also from microorganism invasion and from temperature and humidity fluctuations during storage. Phenolic compounds in the seed coat contribute to seed hardness and inhibition of microorganism growth.