DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The majority of seeds grow most effectively in the dark. Light, which is essential for seedling growth, may actually hinder the germination process. The three primary and necessary conditions for a seed to germinate are water, oxygen, and temperature. Thus, Light is not necessary for a seed to germinate.

Detailed explanation-2: -Small seeded plants that form soil seed banks for instance, are expected to germinate only in the presence of light, as a mechanism to avoid germinating too deep in the soil where they would deplete seed nutrients before reaching light for photosynthesis (Pons 2000).

Detailed explanation-3: -Light, water, oxygen, and temperature are essential conditions for seed germination.

Detailed explanation-4: -The seeds in the dark-grown condition rely upon the stored chemical energy within their cells (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates) to power their growth. The seeds in the light-grown condition only partially rely upon their stored chemical energy and start to harness solar energy as their chloroplasts develop.