DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Temperature is an important factor in affecting seed viability. The lower the storage temperature, the longer is the life of seed. Between 0 and 50°C, every 5°C lowering of storage temperature doubles the life of the seed (Harrington, 1973).

Detailed explanation-2: -seed burial depth and food reserves are the most important factors affecting seed germination. Salinity is one of the main problems of soil degradation. Osmotic and ionic effects occur due to salinity that inhibits plant growth15.

Detailed explanation-3: -Abiotic factors such as drought, light, salinity, seed burial depth, soil pH, and temperature as well as disturbance events such as a fire, flooding or tillage can play an important role in initiating or inhibiting seed germination [3–4].

Detailed explanation-4: -Moisture, temperature, and the proportion of oxygen are key environmental factors that affect seed deterioration and loss of viability.