DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Through-and-through or plain or flat sawn timbers are first boxed and then sawn into four or more evenly sized, rectangular pieces. Those pieces nearest the pith tend to cup more than those nearest the outside of the log but the latter can have one or two waney edges.

Detailed explanation-2: -Attractive grain pattern is produced. The boards are more stable and shrink less. The boards wear more evenly( important in flooring)