ECONOMICS (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -A nontariff barrier is a trade restriction–such as a quota, embargo or sanction–that countries use to further their political and economic goals.

Detailed explanation-2: -The most direct barrier to trade is an embargo– a blockade or political agreement that limits a foreign country’s ability to export or import. Embargoes still exist, but they are difficult to enforce and are not common except in situations of war.

Detailed explanation-3: -The main types of trade barriers used by countries seeking a protectionist policy or as a form of retaliatory trade barriers are subsidies, standardization, tariffs, quotas, and licenses.

Detailed explanation-4: -Trade barriers include tariffs (taxes) on imports (and occasionally exports) and non-tariff barriers to trade such as import quotas, subsidies to domestic industry, embargoes on trade with particular countries (usually for geopolitical reasons), and licenses to import goods into the economy.