ECONOMICS (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -Structural unemployment increased as a result: people, particularly the low-skilled, were unable to find jobs without moving or entering a new industry, which often proved too difficult due to economic, educational, or other barriers.

Detailed explanation-2: -The trough is the bottom of the recession period, unemployment is at its highest, inflation is low.

Detailed explanation-3: -Recession and unemployment go hand in hand-a spike in unemployment and its persistence are hallmarks of a recession, and joblessness in turn aggravates recessions. The short-term and long-term costs of unemployment have led governments to develop a range of policy measures aimed at curbing joblessness during downturns.

Detailed explanation-4: -Answer and Explanation: The correct answer is d. Sometimes the actual unemployment rate is below the natural rate. The natural rate of unemployment is the sum of structural and frictional unemployment.