ECONOMICS (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -One idea is that the social practices of a society are fair if and only if the social practices have maximum expected utility. The line of thought might be that utilitarian assessment of social practices and rules has, at the foundational level, equal concern for the welfare of each.

Detailed explanation-2: -Perhaps the greatest difficulty with utilitarianism is that it fails to take into account considerations of justice. We can imagine instances where a certain course of action would produce great benefits for society, but they would be clearly unjust.

Detailed explanation-3: -Utilitarianism holds that an action is right if it tends to promote happiness and wrong if it tends to produce sadness, or the reverse of happiness-not just the happiness of the actor but that of everyone affected by it.

Detailed explanation-4: -Utilitarianism is one of the most common approaches to making ethical decisions, especially decisions with consequences that concern large groups of people, in part because it instructs us to weigh the different amounts of good and bad that will be produced by our action.