ECONOMICS (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -Excess Demand: the quantity demanded is greater than the quantity supplied at the given price. This is also called a shortage. Excess Supply: the quantity demanded is less than the quantity supplied at the given price. This is also called a surplus.

Detailed explanation-2: -A surplus exists if the quantity of a good or service supplied exceeds the quantity demanded at the current price; it causes downward pressure on price. A shortage exists if the quantity of a good or service demanded exceeds the quantity supplied at the current price; it causes upward pressure on price.

Detailed explanation-3: -At a price above equilibrium, like 1.8 dollars, quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded, so there is excess supply. At a price below equilibrium, such as 1.2 dollars, quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied, so there is excess demand.

Detailed explanation-4: -In fact, at any above-equilibrium price, the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded. We call this an excess supply or a surplus.

Detailed explanation-5: -It’s a fundamental economic principle that when supply exceeds demand for a good or service, prices fall. When demand exceeds supply, prices tend to rise. There is an inverse relationship between the supply and prices of goods and services when demand is unchanged.