ECONOMICS (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -Ans: The correct option is A. Vinoba Bhave initiated this movement in 1951. It was also known as the Land Gift Movement. This was a voluntary form of land reform where they collected surrendered land from landowners and gifted them to the poor landless farmers.

Detailed explanation-2: -According to recommendations of The Draft National Land Reforms Policy, states should reduce land ceilings and distribute the extra agricultural land to the landless poor. If this is followed by the states then inequality in land ownership in India will be amended.

Detailed explanation-3: -Abolition of Intermediaries-The first step taken by the Indian government under land reforms post-independence was passing the Zamindari Abolition Act. The abolition of the zamindari system was done that removed the layer of intermediaries who used to stand between the state and the cultivators.

Detailed explanation-4: -Immediately after Independence four important components of land reform were thought of as major policy interventions in building the land policy. These included: (1) the abolition of intermediaries; (2) tenancy reforms; (3) fixing ceilings on land holdings; and (4) consolidation of landholdings.

Detailed explanation-5: -Agricultural holdings tax appears nowhere in India’s land reform programme while ceiling on holding, consolidating of holdings and zamindari abolition are the main parts of land reform programme in Indian agriculture.