ECONOMICS (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -Main industrial activities affecting coastal areas include iron ore smelting and processing, chemical and petrochemical industry (oil and gas storage and refining), paper mills, vehicle factories, ship building, power plants (coal, oil gas, nuclear energy) and food processing (including fish).

Detailed explanation-2: -Among them residence in the coastal zone, fishing and aquaculture, shipping, land use practices (Agriculture, Industrial development and unauthorized constructions) are main existing anthropogenic activities.

Detailed explanation-3: -Natural processes that cause coastal erosion include the actions of winds, waves, and currents, while human influences include the construction of seawalls, groins, and jet ties, navigation of inlets and dredging, and other interruptions of physical processes (FEMA, 1997).

Detailed explanation-4: -Importance of Coastal Waters Coastal waters support many fish species and provide breeding habitat for 85 percent of U.S. migratory birds. They also provide habitat for many other organisms such as marine mammals, corals, sea turtles, and submerged aquatic vegetation.