ECONOMICS (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -Coastal management reduces the risk of flooding by slowing erosion, dissipating wave energy and creating defences to hold back waves. With climate change and rising sea levels, this is important to protect from more frequent and intense storms.

Detailed explanation-2: -Human activities in coastal areas have affected many of the natural environmental processes there. This has led to a wide range of issues including a loss of biodiversity, high levels of pollution, erosion, and rising sea levels due to climate change. In fact, coasts are one of the Earth’s most threatened environments.

Detailed explanation-3: -There are economic advantages to coastal development because coastlines are popular tourist destinations. Coastal development negatively impacts coastal ecosystems by contributing to climate change, increasing ocean acidification, and threatening coral reef ecosystems.

Detailed explanation-4: -Coasts change due to natural and human processes. Natural processes such as weathering, erosion, transportation and deposition, form and transform coastal environments over different time frames and cycles. Photographs of Fingal Beach show long-term cycles of erosion and deposition– see Figure 1.