ECONOMICS (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -Russia’s top five pipeline gas consumers are Germany, Italy, Belarus, Turkey and the Netherlands. Its top five LNG consumers are Japan, China, France, Spain and Taiwan, according to the BP Statistical Review of World Energy.

Detailed explanation-2: -Russia is the world’s second-largest producer of natural gas, behind the United States, and has the world’s largest gas reserves. Russia is the world’s largest gas exporter.

Detailed explanation-3: -No. Russia is the second largest producer of natural gas in the world. The country produced an estimated 22.5 Tcf of natural gas in 2020, second to the United States, according to the Energy Information Administration.

Detailed explanation-4: -Some smaller European countries rely exclusively on Russian gas, namely North Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Moldova.