ECONOMICS (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -Some are very well known. For example, Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International are active in the human rights field. Oxfam and Save the Children deal with humanitarian issues. Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth represent environmental concerns.

Detailed explanation-2: -Transnational advocacy networks, as with other actors and global civil society more broadly, shape international norms such as sustainable development, human rights, humane security and economic policies.

Detailed explanation-3: -Examples of formal transnational advocacy networks date back to 1823 with the formation of the Society for the Mitigation and Gradual Abolition of Slavery Throughout the British Dominions. Other examples include the women’s movement, the environmental movement, and the anti-landmine movement.

Detailed explanation-4: -Transnational advocacy refers to advocacy efforts beyond national boundaries to further a nation’s convergence with social and cultural norms regionally and internationally (Keck & Sikkink, 1999).