ECONOMICS (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -Shareholders’ equity = Share capital + Reserves + Surplus. Equity is the claim of the owners on the assets of the company. It represents the assets that remain after deducting the liabilities if you rearrange the Balance Sheet equation, Equity = Assets – Liabilities.

Detailed explanation-2: -A capital reserve is a line item in the equity section of a company’s balance sheet that indicates the cash on hand that can be used for future expenses or to offset any capital losses. It is derived from the accumulated capital surplus of a company and is created out of its profit.

Detailed explanation-3: -Reserves and surplus are the totals of the earnings that are maintained and then reported as a part of the equity of shareholders and set aside by the business for particular objectives. For example, paying legal settlements, purchasing fixed assets, paying dividends, repaying debts, etc.

Detailed explanation-4: -The capital raised by the issue of such shares is known as ownership capital or owner’s funds.