ECONOMICS (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -The government does this by increasing taxes, reducing public spending, and cutting public sector pay or jobs. Where expansionary fiscal policy involves spending deficits, contractionary fiscal policy is characterized by budget surpluses.

Detailed explanation-2: -Fiscal policy that increases aggregate demand directly through an increase in government spending is typically called expansionary or “loose.” By contrast, fiscal policy is often considered contractionary or “tight” if it reduces demand via lower spending.

Detailed explanation-3: -Contractionary fiscal policy includes raising taxes, decreasing spending, or a combination of the two. These actions reduce an economy’s aggregate demand. Businesses slow production as their inventories increase. They may lay off workers or have their workers work fewer hours to produce less.

Detailed explanation-4: -A contractionary policy is a tool used to reduce government spending or the rate of monetary expansion by a central bank to combat rising inflation. The main contractionary policies employed by the United States include raising interest rates, increasing bank reserve requirements, and selling government securities.

Detailed explanation-5: -Contractionary fiscal policy is used to slow economic growth, such as when inflation is growing too rapidly. The opposite of expansionary fiscal policy, contractionary fiscal policy raises taxes to cut spending. As consumers pay more taxes, they have less money to spend, and economic stimulation and growth slow.