ECONOMICS (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -CRR is a crucial monetary policy tool and is used for controlling money supply in an economy. CRR specifications give greater control to the central bank over money supply. Commercial banks have to hold only some specified part of the total deposits as reserves. This is called fractional reserve banking.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Fed has traditionally used three tools to conduct monetary policy: reserve requirements, the discount rate, and open market operations. In 2008, the Fed added paying interest on reserve balances held at Reserve Banks to its monetary policy toolkit.

Detailed explanation-3: -The reserve ratio is the portion of reservable liabilities that commercial banks must hold onto, rather than lend out or invest. This is a requirement determined by the country’s central bank, which in the United States is the Federal Reserve. It is also known as the cash reserve ratio.

Detailed explanation-4: -This amount is called the reserve requirement, and it is the rate that banks must keep in reserve and are not allowed to lend. The Federal Reserve’s Board of Governors sets the requirement as well as the interest rate banks get paid on excess reserves.

Detailed explanation-5: -Definition: Also known as Cash Reserve Ratio, it is the percentage of deposits which commercial banks are required to keep as cash according to the directions of the central bank.