ECONOMICS (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -The eventual presence of plastic bags in the oceans also has significant negative impacts on marine life. In other words, plastic bags have what many economists would describe as ‘negative externalities’.

Detailed explanation-2: -Plastic bags are difficult and costly to recycle and most end up on landfill sites where they take around 300 years to photodegrade. They break down into tiny toxic particles that contaminate the soil and waterways and enter the food chain when animals accidentally ingest them.

Detailed explanation-3: -Charging a fee for plastic bags removes them as the default option, effectively nudging consumers to explore more eco-friendly alternatives such as reusable shopping bags. Second, a theory known as operant conditioning suggests rewards reinforce a specific behaviour while punishments decrease that behaviour.

Detailed explanation-4: -A plastic bag consumes up to 40% less energy to make and causes 70 % less solid waste than a paper bag. Durable and Weatherproof: Plastic bags are known for their durability. They are less vulnerable to tearing and are resistant to many chemicals.