ECONOMICS (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -The Reformation led to conflict between Catholic and Protestant powers in Europe, fueling an economic competition that motivated explorers from various countries to seek financial gain from new trade routes. Missionaries also engaged in a competition to control the religion of newly-discovered territories.

Detailed explanation-2: -In England, the Reformation began with Henry VIII’s quest for a male heir. When Pope Clement VII refused to annul Henry’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon so he could remarry, the English king declared in 1534 that he alone should be the final authority in matters relating to the English church.

Detailed explanation-3: -Pope Paul III (reigned 1534–49) is considered to be the first pope of the Counter-Reformation. It was he who in 1545 convened the Council of Trent, which is hailed as the most important single event in the Counter-Reformation.

Detailed explanation-4: -1519: Reformist zeal sweeps the south. 1520: Rome flexes its muscles. 1521: Luther stands firm at Worms. 1525: Rebels are butchered in their thousands. 1530: Protestants fight among themselves. 1536: Calvin strikes a chord with reformers. 1555: Charles V brokers an uneasy peace with Lutherans. More items •31-Jan-2020