ECONOMICS (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -Inflation is the general rise in the prices of goods and services in an economy, over a period of time. It reduces the purchasing power of consumers, because each unit of currency can purchase fewer products with an increase in the general price levels.

Detailed explanation-2: -Inflation is the rate of increase in prices over a given period of time. Inflation is typically a broad measure, such as the overall increase in prices or the increase in the cost of living in a country.

Detailed explanation-3: -The increase in the general level of prices may be caused by many factors like an increase in the money supply, a decrease in the aggregate level of output, an increase in the effective demand, an increase in income, the rapid growth of population, etc.

Detailed explanation-4: -During the observation period from 1960 to 2021, the average inflation rate was 3.8% per year. Overall, the price increase was 829.57%. An item that cost 100 dollars in 1960 costs 929.57 dollars at the beginning of 2022. For January 2023, the year-over-year inflation rate was 6.4%.

Detailed explanation-5: -Based on speed, there are 4 different types of inflation – hyperinflation, galloping, walking, and creeping.