ECONOMICS (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -Demand-pull inflation arises when the aggregate demand increases at a faster rate than aggregate supply. Cost-Push Inflation is a result of an increase in the price of inputs due to the shortage of cost of production, leading to decrease in the supply of outputs.

Detailed explanation-2: -When aggregate demand surpasses available supply, higher prices are the result. This is demand-pull inflation. A low unemployment rate is unquestionably good in general, but it can cause inflation because more people have more disposable income.

Detailed explanation-3: -Examples of Cost-Push Inflation Electric power suppliers need high levels of natural gas to create electricity. When global policies, war, or natural disasters drastically reduce the oil supply, gasoline prices rise because demand remains relatively stable even as supply shrinks.

Detailed explanation-4: -Demand-pull inflation arises when the total demand for goods and services (i.e. ‘aggregate demand’) increases to exceed the supply of goods and services (i.e. ‘aggregate supply’) that can be sustainably produced.

Detailed explanation-5: -Consumers have more discretionary income to spend on goods and services. When that increases faster than supply, it creates inflation. For example, tax breaks for mortgage interest rates increased demand for housing. Government sponsorship of mortgage guarantors Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac also stimulated demand.