ECONOMICS (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -public debt, obligations of governments, particularly those evidenced by securities, to pay certain sums to the holders at some future time. Public debt is distinguished from private debt, which consists of the obligations of individuals, business firms, and nongovernmental organizations.

Detailed explanation-2: -Answer» D. Borrowing by a Government from within the country or from abroad, from private individuals or association of individuals or from banking and non-banking institutions.

Detailed explanation-3: -Public debt, sometimes also referred to as government debt, represents the total outstanding debt (bonds and other securities) of a country’s government. It is often expressed as a ratio of Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

Detailed explanation-4: -Note: The Central Government debt/liabilities, including external debt at current exchange rate, EBRs and after adjusting cash balance, is estimated at 155.77 lakh crore and ₹ 172.50 lakh crore as on 31st March, 2023 & 31st March, 2024, respectively.