ECONOMICS (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -Surface water is any body of water above ground, including streams, rivers, lakes, wetlands, reservoirs, and creeks. The ocean, despite being saltwater, is also considered surface water.

Detailed explanation-2: -hydrosphere, discontinuous layer of water at or near Earth’s surface. It includes all liquid and frozen surface waters, groundwater held in soil and rock, and atmospheric water vapour.

Detailed explanation-3: -groundwater, water that occurs below the surface of Earth, where it occupies all or part of the void spaces in soils or geologic strata. It is also called subsurface water to distinguish it from surface water, which is found in large bodies like the oceans or lakes or which flows overland in streams.

Detailed explanation-4: -Water that infiltrates Earth’s surface becomes groundwater, slowly seeping downward into extensive layers of porous soil and rock called aquifers.

Detailed explanation-5: -Surface water mainly originates from rainfall. It is a combination of both surface runoff and groundwater. Surface water is closely associated with groundwater. Some surface water percolates deep into the ground through the cracks and porous spaces within rocks, sand, and soil.