EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Deoxyribonucleic acid (abbreviated DNA) is the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism. DNA is made of two linked strands that wind around each other to resemble a twisted ladder-a shape known as a double helix.

Detailed explanation-2: -Molecular biology. Similarities and differences between the “same” gene in different organisms (that is, a pair of homologous genes) can help us determine how closely related the organisms are.

Detailed explanation-3: -Scientists can estimate these relationships by studying the organisms’ DNA sequences. As the organisms evolve and diverge, their DNA sequences accumulate mutations. Scientists compare these mutations using sequence alignments to reconstruct evolutionary history.

Detailed explanation-4: -Molecular biology is the branch of biology that studies the molecular basis of biological activity. Living things are made of chemicals just as non-living things are, so a molecular biologist studies how molecules interact with one another in living organisms to perform the functions of life.