EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -The sap processed by the root hairs moves through the cortex to reach the components of xylem (vessels, tracheids and xylem parenchyma) through a pericycle of roots. Such sap transport occurs in 2 ways: one is through active transport which takes energy and another carried out by transpiration pull.

Detailed explanation-2: -Sap is a fluid transported in xylem or phloem sieve tube elements. These cells transport water and nutrients throughout the cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -Xylem sap carries soil nutrients (e.g., dissolved minerals) from the root system to the leaves; the water is then lost through transpiration. Maple sap is xylem sap, containing some sugar in late winter. Phloem, or sieve-tube, sap is the fluid carrying sugar from leaves to other parts of the plant in the summer.

Detailed explanation-4: -It generally flows from the roots to the stems and leaves of plants. Different vessels inside the plant stem, branches and leaves carry phloem and xylem fluids. Most sap-feeding insects feed on phloem sap, although there are some insects that feed on xylem fluids.

Detailed explanation-5: -After water is absorbed by the roots, it is transported upwards through the xylem vessels and into the leaf veins. To reach the inner leaf tissue, water has to cross a tissue layer that tightly enwraps the leaf veins: the bundle sheath cells.