EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -A few algae, liverworts, hornworts and mosses are nonvascular plants. Reproduction in such plants is through spore production in contrast to seeds, as a result they do not bear wood, flowers or fruits.

Detailed explanation-2: -Nonvascular plants include liverworts, hornworts, and mosses. They lack roots, stems, and leaves. Nonvascular plants are low-growing, reproduce with spores, and need a moist habitat.

Detailed explanation-3: -Most nonvascular plants reproduce sexually by creating single-celled spores or asexually by vegetative propagation. Vegetative propagation is when part of the plant breaks off and develops into a new plant with the exact same genetic information as the original plant.

Detailed explanation-4: -In seedless vascular plants, such as ferns and horsetails, the plants reproduce using haploid, unicellular spores instead of seeds. The spores are very lightweight (unlike many seeds), which allows for their easy dispersion in the wind and for the plants to spread to new habitats.

Detailed explanation-5: -Many nonvascular plants also have the capacity to reproduce asexually as gametophytes, either by fragmentation or via specialized propagules called gemmae.