EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -The endodermis contains a suberised band called the Casparian strip. The Casparian strip is impervious to water, therefore water is directed through the non-suberised wall regions and crosses the cell membrane to reach the xylem.

Detailed explanation-2: -Casparian strips are ring-like cell-wall modifications in the root endodermis of vascular plants. Their presence generates a paracellular barrier, analogous to animal tight junctions, that is thought to be crucial for selective nutrient uptake, exclusion of pathogens, and many other processes.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Casparian strips in the endo-and exodermis of vascular plant roots appear to play an important role in preventing the non-selective apoplastic bypass of salts into the stele along the apoplast under salt stress.

Detailed explanation-4: -Water and mineral uptake by root hair from the soil occurs through apoplast till it reaches endodermis. The apoplastic movement is blocked by the suberized casparian strip in the endodermal cell when it moves beyond the endodermis.

Detailed explanation-5: -In both cases, water and solutes pass the Casparian strip by diffusing through an endodermal cell and are subsequently loaded into the xylem by other transporters for long-distance transport to the shoot. AMT, ammonium transporter.