EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Missense mutations occur when a single nucleotide base in a DNA sequence is swapped for another one, resulting in a different codon and, therefore, a different amino acid.

Detailed explanation-2: -A genetic alteration in which a single base pair substitution alters the genetic code in a way that produces an amino acid that is different from the usual amino acid at that position. Some missense variants (or mutations) will alter the function of the protein.

Detailed explanation-3: -Missense: A missense variant is a type of substitution in which the nucleotide change results in the replacement of one protein building block (amino acid) with another in the protein made from the gene. The amino acid change may alter the function of the protein.

Detailed explanation-4: -Amino acid replacement is a change from one amino acid to a different amino acid in a protein due to point mutation in the corresponding DNA sequence. It is caused by nonsynonymous missense mutation which changes the codon sequence to code other amino acid instead of the original.

Detailed explanation-5: -Frame-shift mutations occur when a base is added or removed from the sequence. Non-sense mutations create a stop codon, which can prevent the protein from being produced entirely, while missense mutations result in the substitution of one amino acid for another.