EVERYDAY SCIENCE

SCIENCE

CELL BIOLOGY

Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
How do mitochondria regulate energy in a cell?
A
Mitochondria transfer energy between cells as energy is needed.
B
Mitochondria convert energy in nutrients into usable energy.
C
Mitochondria absorb and convert energy from the sun.
D
Mitochondria convert energy from the nucleus into usable energy.
Explanation: 

Detailed explanation-1: -Mitochondria, using oxygen available within the cell convert chemical energy from food in the cell to energy in a form usable to the host cell. The process is called oxidative phosphorylation and it happens inside mitochondria.

Detailed explanation-2: -The mitochondria satisfy the cell energy demand through the TCA cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and the electron transfer complex, which convert fatty acid and glucose into NADH, acetyl-DNA, and ATP, which can be messenger molecules in modulating the epigenetic modification of the nuclear genome.

Detailed explanation-3: -Much in the same way as your digestive system, mitochondria are like small digestive systems in your cell, turning food into energy. Sugars, fats, and amino acids from proteins that we eat are converted into energy through the mitochondria.

Detailed explanation-4: -B vitamins and lipoic acid are essential in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, while selenium, -tocopherol, Coenzyme Q10, caffeine, and melatonin are suggested to boost the electron transfer system function. Carnitine is essential for fatty acid beta-oxidation. Selenium is involved in mitochondrial biogenesis.

Detailed explanation-5: -Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell. Mitochondria integrate fuel metabolism to generate energy in the form of ATP. Mitochondria oxidize pyruvate (derived from glucose or lactate), fatty acids, and amino acids to harness electrons onto the carriers NADH and FADH2.

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