EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Microtubules are the thickest of the cytoskeletal fibers. These are hollow tubes that can dissolve and reform quickly. Microtubules guide organelle movement and are the structures that pull chromosomes to their poles during cell division. They are also the structural components of flagella and cilia.

Detailed explanation-2: -The movements of cilia and flagella result from the sliding of outer microtubule doublets relative to one another, powered by the motor activity of axonemal dynein (Figure 11.53).

Detailed explanation-3: -Non-motile cilia known as primary cilia receive signals from nearby cells and act as antennae for the cells. Flagella help in locomotion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Flagella also act as sensory organs to detect temperature and pH changes.

Detailed explanation-4: -In eukaryotic cells, cilia and flagella contain the motor protein dynein and microtubules, which are composed of linear polymers of globular proteins called tubulin.