EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -In plant cells, most DNA is located in the nucleus, although chloroplasts and mitochondria also contain part of the genetic material. The organization and inheritance patterns of this organellar DNA are quite different to that of nuclear DNA.

Detailed explanation-2: -In photosynthetic eukaryotes, chloroplast DNA encodes between 80 and 200 proteins, much less than 1% of proteins in the cell, and much less than 10% of the proteins in the chloroplast, to which a higher plant’s nuclear–cytosolic system successfully supplies around 3, 000 proteins for import (91).

Detailed explanation-3: -Mitochondrial DNA is the DNA found in the mitochondria of all eukaryotes. Chloroplast DNA is the DNA found in the chloroplast of plant cells. It is about 16, 500 base pairs in size. The genome size of chloroplast DNA is 70, 000 to 200, 000 base pairs.

Detailed explanation-4: -Summary. Like all living organisms, plants use deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic material. The DNA in plant cells is found in the nucleus, the mitochondria and the chloroplasts. The latter two organelles are descendants of bacteria that were captured by a eukaryotic cell and have become endosymbionts.

Detailed explanation-5: -Each cell contains hundreds to thousands of mitochondria, which are located in the fluid that surrounds the nucleus (the cytoplasm). Although most DNA is packaged in chromosomes within the nucleus, mitochondria also have a small amount of their own DNA. This genetic material is known as mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA.