EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -The chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis of oxidative phosphorylation proposed by Mitchell, explains the process of ATP formation and states that it is linked to development of a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane.

Detailed explanation-2: -The 16th and 17th centuries saw the beginnings of what we now recognize as modern chemistry. During this period, great advances were made in metallurgy, the extraction of metals from ores, and the first systematic quantitative experiments were carried out.

Detailed explanation-3: -Our solar system formed at the same time as our Sun as described in the nebular hypothesis. The nebular hypothesis is the idea that a spinning cloud of dust made of mostly light elements, called a nebula, flattened into a protoplanetary disk, and became a solar system consisting of a star with orbiting planets [12].

Detailed explanation-4: -An inheritor of the alchemical tradition, (almost by definition, alchemists were experimentalists and careful measurers) and an aspiring alchemist, Boyle is considered a founding figure of modern chemistry, in the 17th century.