EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Chloroplasts and mitochondria are subcellular bioenergetic organelles with their own genomes and genetic systems. DNA replication and transmission to daughter organelles produces cytoplasmic inheritance of characters associated with primary events in photosynthesis and respiration.

Detailed explanation-2: -Mitochondria and chloroplasts have striking similarities to bacteria cells. They have their own DNA, which is separate from the DNA found in the nucleus of the cell. And both organelles use their DNA to produce many proteins and enzymes required for their function.

Detailed explanation-3: -It is widely accepted that mitochondria and plastids evolved from bacteria that were engulfed by nucleated ancestral cells. As a relic of this evolutionary past, both types of organelles contain their own genomes, as well as their own biosynthetic machinery for making RNA and organelle proteins.

Detailed explanation-4: -Although most DNA is packaged in chromosomes within the nucleus, mitochondria also have a small amount of their own DNA. This genetic material is known as mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA.

Detailed explanation-5: -Explanation : Mitochondria and chloroplasts are semi-autonomous cell organelles, which contain their own DNA and protein synthesising machinery. They arise from pre-existing organelles and their functions are partially controlled by the nucleus of cell as well as the organelles themselves.