EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Platyhelminths or flatworms possess flame cells, which are specialised to perform the functions of excretion and osmoregulation.

Detailed explanation-2: -A flame cell is a specialized excretory cell found in the simplest freshwater invertebrates such as flatworms. Flame cells function like a kidney and removes waste materials. Bundles of flame cells are called protonephridia. The function of these cells is to regulate the osmotic pressure and maintains ionic balance.

Detailed explanation-3: -Flame cells are present in the phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms). Flame cells are the specialized excretory cells that help in excretion in animals. These cells work like kidneys and help in removing waste materials from the body of the animals.

Detailed explanation-4: -A flame cell is a specialized excretory cell found in the simplest freshwater invertebrates, including flatworms, rotifers and nemerteans. The cells in the tubules are called flame cells (or protonephridia) because they have a cluster of cilia that looks like a flickering flame when viewed under the microscope.

Detailed explanation-5: -Excretion and osmoregulation in platyhelminthes occur with the help of a protonephridial system having flame cells.