EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -A protein called coat protein II (COPII; green) forms vesicles that transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi. A different protein called coat protein I (COPI; red) forms vesicles for transport in the other direction, from the Golgi to the ER. COPI also forms vesicles for intra-Golgi transport.

Detailed explanation-2: -From the endoplasmic reticulum, proteins are transported in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus, where they are further processed and sorted for transport to lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion from the cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Golgi apparatus transports and modifies proteins in eukaryotic cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -The rough endoplasmic reticulum has on it ribosomes, which are small, round organelles whose function it is to make those proteins.

Detailed explanation-5: -Proteins that are transported into the ER by a posttranslational mechanism are first released into the cytosol, where they are prevented from folding up by binding to chaperone proteins, as discussed earlier for proteins destined for mitochondria and chloroplasts.