EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -F1 region. The F1 portion of ATP synthase is hydrophilic and responsible for hydrolyzing ATP. The F1 unit protrudes into the mitochondrial matrix space. Subunits and make a hexamer with 6 binding sites.

Detailed explanation-2: -ATP synthase consists of two well defined protein entities: the F1 sector, a soluble portion situated in the mitochondrial matrix, and the Fo sector, bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. F1 is composed of three copies of each of subunits and , and one each of subunits , and .

Detailed explanation-3: -F1Fo ATP synthase interchanges phosphate transfer energy and proton motive force via a rotary catalysis mechanism. Isolated F1-ATPase catalytic cores can hydrolyze ATP, passing through six intermediate conformational states to generate rotation of their central -subunit.

Detailed explanation-4: -F0F1-ATPase/ATP synthase (F-type ATPase, complex V) is present in the inner membrane of eukaryotic mitochondria and acts as the powerhouse of the cell by synthesizing ATP. It can also operate in the reverse direction, hydrolysing ATP and pumping protons under certain conditions.

Detailed explanation-5: -The ATP synthase, also called Complex V, has two major subunits designated F0 and F1. The F0 part, bound to inner mitochondrial membrane is involved in proton translocation, whereas the F1 part found in the mitochondrial matrix is the water soluble catalytic domain.