EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Most macromolecules are made from single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. The monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers. In doing so, monomers release water molecules as byproducts.

Detailed explanation-2: -In some protein assemblies, one subunit may be referred to as a “regulatory subunit” and another as a “catalytic subunit.” An enzyme composed of both regulatory and catalytic subunits when assembled is often referred to as a holoenzyme. One subunit is made of one polypeptide chain.

Detailed explanation-3: -Proteins are polymers made of chains of amino acids that are bound together by peptide bonds. Therefore, the monomer subunits that proteins are broken down into are amino acids.

Detailed explanation-4: -The basic unit is called a nucleotide, which is composed of a sugar-phosphate backbone attached to one of four nitrogenous bases; cytosine, guanine, adenine or thymine. C joins to G, and G to C by three hydrogen bonds, indicated by the dotted lines. A joins to T and T to A by two hydrogen bonds.

Detailed explanation-5: -In chemistry, a monomer is a molecule with low molecular weight that can combine with others of the same kind to form a chemical compound known as a polymer. In other words, polymers are formed from multiple monomers connected together. Mono-means “one” and poly-means “many.” Natural polymers include silk and wool.