EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -The vertical columns on the periodic table are called groups or families because of their similar chemical behavior. All the members of a family of elements have the same number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties. The horizontal rows on the periodic table are called periods.

Detailed explanation-2: -The columns of the periodic table are called groups. Members of the same group in the table have the same number of electrons in the outermost shells of their atoms and form bonds of the same type. The horizontal rows are called periods.

Detailed explanation-3: -Each column is called a group. The elements in each group have the same number of electrons in the outer orbital. Those outer electrons are also called valence electrons. They are the electrons involved in chemical bonds with other elements.

Detailed explanation-4: -group, in chemistry, a column in the periodic table of the chemical elements. In a group, the chemical elements have atoms with identical valence electron counts and identical valence vacancy counts.

Detailed explanation-5: -The s-, p-, and d-block elements of the periodic table are arranged into 18 numbered columns, or groups. The elements in each group have the same number of valence electrons. As a result, elements in the same group often display similar properties and reactivity.