EVERYDAY SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Because the C-Na bond difference in electronegativity is 1.62, we would call it a polar covalent bond. Again, this definition is VERY arbitrary, and often times chemists will think of polar covalent bonds like the C-Na bond as ionic or ionic bonds as covalent (in some forms of organometallic chemistry).

Detailed explanation-2: -A carbon atom can form covalent bonds with other carbon atoms or with the atoms of other elements. Carbon often forms bonds with hydrogen. Compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons.

Detailed explanation-3: -A carbon atom can bond with four other atoms and is like the four-hole wheel, while an oxygen atom, which can bond only to two, is like the two-hole wheel. Carbon’s ability to form bonds with four other atoms goes back to its number and configuration of electrons.

Detailed explanation-4: -Ionic bonding in sodium chloride. An atom of sodium (Na) donates one of its electrons to an atom of chlorine (Cl) in a chemical reaction, and the resulting positive ion (Na+) and negative ion (Cl−) form a stable ionic compound (sodium chloride; common table salt) based on this ionic bond.